Digital Certificate or Cl@ve in Madrid: How to Get Each and Why
Spain runs most paperwork online, but only after you prove who you are. This guide compares the FNMT digital certificate and Cl@ve and shows how foreigners in Madrid get them.
Foreigners in Madrid can get a free FNMT digital certificate or register in Cl@ve once they have an NIE. Both require an identity check, done in person at a registration office such as the tax agency, Social Security or some Línea Madrid offices, or online by video identification where your document is accepted.
What is the difference between a digital certificate and Cl@ve?
Both let you identify yourself on Spanish government websites. They work differently.
| FNMT digital certificate | Cl@ve | |
|---|---|---|
| What it is | An electronic certificate file installed in your browser or device, issued by the Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (FNMT) | A government login system using a password, an app or one-time codes |
| Signs documents | Yes, with legal effect | Only with the advanced level and Cl@ve Firma |
| Works on | Computers and phones where it is installed | Any device, through the Cl@ve app or a code sent by text message |
| Validity | Several years, then renewed online | Ongoing, as long as you keep access to your registered phone |
| Cost | Free for individuals | Free |
Many people get both: the certificate for filing applications and signing, Cl@ve for quick logins from a phone.
What can you do online once you have them?
- Residency: file residence applications and renewals, answer requests and receive decisions, as described in the Oficina de Extranjería in Madrid.
- City services: register or update your address and download padrón documents on sede.madrid.es; see how to register on the Madrid padrón.
- Taxes: file your income tax return, get tax certificates and register as self-employed with the Agencia Tributaria.
- Social Security: get your Social Security number, work history report (vida laboral) and benefits on seg-social.es.
- Health: some Comunidad de Madrid health procedures, such as requests linked to the health card.
- Traffic: DGT procedures such as checking points or exchanging a licence.
How do you get the FNMT digital certificate?
The certificate for individuals (certificado de persona física) comes in three steps, and you must use the same computer and browser from start to finish.
- Request: on the FNMT electronic office, enter your NIE, first surname and email. You set a password for the request; if you lose it, you must start again. You receive a request code by email.
- Identity check: take the code, your passport or TIE and your NIE document to a registration office, or use the video identification option if your ID document is accepted for it.
- Download: after the identity check, return to the FNMT site on the same computer and browser, enter the code and download the certificate. Export a backup copy with a password and store it safely.
The FNMT site also offers the certificate on a mobile app and explains which browsers and settings work. Check those instructions before starting, since an unsupported browser is a common reason for a failed download.
Where can you prove your identity in Madrid?
Registration offices that accredit FNMT certificates and Cl@ve include:
| Office | Notes |
|---|---|
| Agencia Tributaria offices | Accredit FNMT certificates and register people in Cl@ve. Book a cita previa online or by phone. |
| Social Security information centers (CAISS) | Register in Cl@ve and, in many cases, accredit certificates. Appointment needed. |
| Línea Madrid citizen offices | Several city offices act as FNMT registration points. Book the specific procedure through the city’s appointment system. |
| Other public registration points | Some regional and district offices; the FNMT office locator lists them. |
Which offices accredit identity, and for which tool, can change. Use the FNMT office locator and the Cl@ve registration page before you book. Bring your original ID document: a passport plus NIE paper, a TIE, or for EU citizens a national ID card or passport with the registration certificate. Some offices only accept foreigners with a TIE or registration certificate, so ask when booking.
How do you register in Cl@ve?
Cl@ve has two levels. The basic level covers many consultations; the advanced level is needed for procedures that require more security and for signing with Cl@ve Firma.
- Online with video identification: automatic video gives the basic level; video checked by a public employee gives the advanced level. Availability depends on your document type.
- Online with a digital certificate: the fastest route if you already have one, and it gives the advanced level.
- Invitation letter: the tax agency can post a letter with a code to your tax address, giving the basic level.
- In person: at a registration office, for the advanced level.
After registering, install the Cl@ve app to approve logins, or activate Cl@ve Permanente, a fixed password combined with a text-message code. The older Cl@ve PIN works through the app as a temporary code; check which options the website you use accepts.
Bottom line
Do the in-person identity check once and use it for both tools: after getting the FNMT certificate, you can register in Cl@ve online at the advanced level in a few minutes. Set a calendar reminder for the certificate’s expiry, because renewing online before it lapses avoids a new office visit.
FAQ
Can I get a digital certificate without an NIE?
No. The FNMT certificate and Cl@ve are linked to a Spanish identification number, so get your NIE first; see how to get an NIE number in Madrid.
Can I use the certificate on my phone?
Yes. You can install a backup copy on your phone or use the FNMT mobile app option.
What if I change my phone number?
Update it in Cl@ve with your certificate or at a registration office, otherwise codes go to the old number.
Is the certificate valid for companies?
The individual certificate is for you personally. Company representatives need a separate representative certificate.
